As we turn the calendar to February, we seek to understand and learn more about Age-Related Macular Degeneration – what to know, how is it treated and what symptoms to look for in order to live your best life as you age.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in adults over 50, yet many people don’t realize they have it until changes in vision begin to interfere with everyday life. During AMD Awareness Month, we want to shine a light on what macular degeneration is, what to watch for, and how it can be managed.
What Is Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration affects the macula, the small but vital part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. This is the vision you use for reading, driving, recognizing faces, and seeing fine details.
AMD does not cause complete blindness, but it can significantly impact the quality of your vision and daily independence if left untreated.
There are two main types:
- Dry AMD (more common): progresses slowly and is caused by thinning of the macula. This type accounts for around 90% of AMD disease
- Wet AMD (less common but more severe): caused by abnormal blood vessel growth and can lead to rapid vision changes. When this occurs, it is considered an advanced stage and should be treated quickly to save vision.
What to Look For: Common Symptoms
Macular degeneration often develops gradually, which is why routine eye exams are so important. Symptoms may include:
- “Blurred” or “fuzzy” central vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
- Difficulty reading or seeing fine details
- Needing brighter light for close work
- A dark spot in the center of vision
- Colors appearing less vivid
If you notice sudden changes in vision, especially distortion or dark spots, it’s important to contact your eye doctor right away.
Who is at Risk for Developing AMD?
According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the AMD Foundation one is more likely to develop AMD if you:
- Have a family history (genetic pre-disposition) of the disease
- Are overweight
- Are a smoker
- Have high blood pressure
- Eat an unhealthy diet, high in saturated fats and cholesterol, low in antioxidants
- Are over 50 years of age
- Are Caucasian
How Macular Degeneration Affects Vision
AMD affects central vision, not side (peripheral) vision. People with macular degeneration may still be able to move around safely, but tasks like reading, sewing, driving, or recognizing faces can become difficult, as it does not lead to total vision loss.
Because vision loss happens in the center of what you see, many patients describe it as “missing” or “blurred” areas directly in front of them.
How Is Macular Degeneration Treated?
While there is currently no cure for AMD, early detection and proper management can help slow progression and protect remaining vision.
Treatment options depend on the type and stage:
- Nutritional supplements (AREDS2 vitamins) may help slow progression in certain stages of dry AMD
- Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, managing blood pressure, and maintaining a healthy diet rich in leafy greens and omega-3s
- Prescription eye injections for wet AMD to stop abnormal blood vessel growth, with great scientific advancements over the past 10-15 years
- Low vision aids to help maximize usable vision
Your eye doctor will recommend a personalized plan based on your specific condition.
The Importance of Regular Eye Exams
Macular degeneration can often be detected before noticeable symptoms appear. Comprehensive eye exams allow your doctor to monitor changes, provide early treatment, and help preserve vision for as long as possible.
If you are over 50, have a family history of AMD, smoke, or have cardiovascular disease, regular eye exams are especially important.
Protecting Your Vision Starts Today
AMD Awareness Month is a reminder that taking care of your eyes is a lifelong commitment. Paying attention to changes in vision and keeping up with routine eye care can make a meaningful difference.
If you have concerns about your vision or are due for an exam, we’re here to help you see your best for years to come. Do not delay. Schedule an exam today with your eye care provider so you can see a “Better World through Better Vision”.
